Ch. 6 Middle and Southern Colonies

1.       proprietor – a person who owned and controlled all the land of a colony

2.       representative – someone who is chosen to speak and act for others

3.       treaty – an official agreement between nations or groups

4.       free market economy – an economic system in which the people, not the government, decide

                                           what will be produced

5.       free enterprise – the system in which people may start any business that they believe will

                               succeed

6.       artisan – someone who is skilled at making something by hand, such as silver spoons or wooden                                 

                 chairs

7.       laborer – a person who does hard physical work

8.       apprentice – someone who studies with a master to learn a skill or business

9.       plantation – a large farm on which crops are raised by workers who live on the farm

10.    legislature – a group of people with the power to make and change laws

11.   refuge – a safe place

12.   debtor – a person who owes money

13.   indigo – a plant that can be made into a dark blue dye

14.   overseer – a person who watches and directs the work of other people

15.   spiritual – an African American religious folk song

16.   When England captured New Netherland in 1664, the king’s brother, James, the Duke of York, became proprietor of the land. He changed the name to New York.

17.   Berkeley and Carteret received land from the Duke of York and named it New Jersey.

18.   William Penn founded Pennsylvania as a place where people could worship freely.

19.   William Penn was a member of a religious group call the Society of Friends, or Quakers.

20.   Pennsylvania means “Penn’s Woods.”

21.   The Middle Colonies were:

a.       New York

b.      New Jersey

c.       Pennsylvania

d.      Delaware

22.   Penn treated American Indians with respect. He made fair treaties when buying land from them.

23.   During the 1700’s, Philadelphia became a center of trade. Soon it was the largest city in all the colonies.

24.   Benjamin Franklin was Philadelphia’s most famous citizen. He wrote Poor Richard’s Almanac.

25.   The people of the Middle Colonies came from many lands.

26.   People came to the Middle Colonies for 4 reasons:

a.       religious tolerance

b.      inexpensive land

c.       to farm their own land

d.      to find a better way of life

27.   Most people in the Middle Colonies farmed to make a living.

28.   The Middle Colonies grew so much grain used to make bread that they became known as the “breadbasket” colonies.

29.   Enterprise is another word for business.

30.   Plantation owners are called planters.

31.   The first elected legislature in the colonies was the Virginia House of Burgesses. Only planters and white men who owned property were allowed to vote.

32.   The Southern Colonies were:

a.       Virginia

b.      Maryland

c.       North Carolina

d.      South Carolina

e.      Georgia

33.   Cecilius Calvert (Lord Baltimore) started Maryland for Catholics and others to have a place to worship freely.

34.   The Toleration Act was the first law in North America to promise that all Christians could worship freely.

35.   North and South Carolina were formed to try to keep France and Spain out of the area. South Carolina had good farmland and excellent harbors.

36.   James Oglethorpe started Georgia. He wanted it to be a place for poor people and debtors. He made strict rules for the colony.

37.   Cash crops in the Southern colonies were:

a.       tobacco

b.      rice

c.       indigo

38.   Charleston, South Carolina, became an important center of trade in the Southern colonies.

39.   Slaves did the hard work on plantations. Enslaved Africans helped each other to survive the hardships of slavery.